Archive for October, 2008

Patchwork Girl

This week I am actually going to be glogging about my frustrations with the structure and material aspect of patchwork girl. When reading the work the first few attempts left me anxious and frustrated for I was trying to read the work in a linear path, like one would do with any other novel. Then I realized that what I was doing was impossible; the work is set up in a system of interlocking webs that connect topics. To follow in a linear path would be just a wasted effort and would degrade the experience for the work was made in a web like manner. Then I tried just reading random passages and once finished I would just click on the first link that came up in the screen and read that passage. Only after a few passages did I realize that this method just brought me full circle and the reading was choppy and hard to understand. The best method I found to read was through the use of the outline. Its a linear chart that allows one to finish the work in logical steps, without missing important sections of the work. Although one can still jump around from topic to topic but keep track of what was read and not read.

I began to wonder why the work was made so choppy, and at first I thought, disorganized, and messy. Well the novel is supposed to be a metaphor for the creation. One can see how the work was written, the missing links (metaphoric of scars), the bad transitions. The continuous connecting to links occurs until a dead end is reached or the computer directs one to an old link. This seems frustrating and disorganized at first but the process is much like the work of a scientist. One is experimenting with the system trying to discover the best way to make the story, for different ways of reading could result in different messages in the novel. One is trying different stories or different creations. A scientist could develop a different creation each time by how they put the creature together. The whole materiality of the work is a metaphor that echoes Frankenstein only the reader is the creator.

Is this a good thing?

Well it depends on if one thinks that this is just sloppy writing or if it is a very creative approach to writing a novel. I feel that it is a little bit of both. The metaphor is an interesting approach and makes one think about how the work was written, this work is an example of a technotext. Although I also think an important part of reading a book, and yes one can think I am small minded like Birkerts, is that one can get lost in the story and enjoy the experience of reading. I don’t want to constantly be interrupted and directed toward a new link. I want to continue with the story and gradually ease into the next part of the story. This work doesn’t feel like a story to me when reading it. It seems like a combination of various things. The work is more like a glossary to a story. It tells you whats in the story and the background, for example the parts of the body have descriptions of where they come from, but the work doesn’t actually explain how the body parts were put together or how they were found or why they were chosen…just what they are. Reading this work cannot be done in a linear manner and one cannot expect this work to be like a novel, for it isn’t, but I’m struggling with reading this novel and understanding the storyline because I’m constantly interrupted and challenged by the material aspect of the work.

Another point I would like to make is that this work reminds me of other works I have read in the past, such as The Poisonwood Bible.

The Poisonwood Bible-the title lexia in this work has three authors listed, Mary/Shelley and herself (the monster). This reminds me of The Poisonwood Bible because the book is written in various perspectives throughout the novel. A family is sent to Africa to spread Christianity and the book describes each of the characters experiences through their own perspective. The Poisonwood Bible shows the inner feelings and thoughts of each character, I’m still waiting to see if Patchwork girl will share this style of writing. Though I am still questioning if a narrator even exists or if the reader is just picking arbitrary points of the work and pasting them together to create a version of the story and that the reader is thereby determining the narrator of the work.

Echoes of Frankenstein in The Fountain

<!– /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:”Cambria Math”; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:”"; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:”Calibri”,”sans-serif”; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} –>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:”Table Normal”;
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:”";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:”Calibri”,”sans-serif”;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:”Times New Roman”;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}

Echoes of Frankenstein in The Fountain

By: Caitlin Carter

English

10/24/08

The film, The Fountain, remediates a message in Frankenstein; that the fountain of youth or the secret of creation is possessed only by nature, and it is futile for man to try to combat the forces of Nature or God protecting the fountain. The director of The Fountain, Darren Aronofsky, uses biblical quotes, similarly to Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, to express the forbidden nature of the fountain of youth, or secrets of creation. The use of barrier imagery by the director in The Fountain parallels the metaphoric barrier, to protect the fountain of youth, in Frankenstein.

The film, The Fountain, remediates the message in Frankenstein by using specific lighting and focus techniques to emphasize the inviolability of the fountain of youth. In the opening scene of The Fountain the first image is a quote from genesis 3:24 in the Bible. The quote states: “Therefore, the Lord God banished Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden and placed a flaming sword to protect the tree of life.” The director of this film, Darren Aronofsky, chose to emphasize certain messages in this film, one specifically being that the secret to life (or the fountain of youth) is protected by God and is an unimaginable discovery for man to behold. The director focuses the light to be brighter on that sentence to emphasize its importance. The director also specifically chose to represent the quote as a phrase written with quill on old darker looking paper. This attention to detail reveals the historic influence of the bible and that this idea, that the tree of knowledge or the fountain of youth is protected by God, is a historic and age old concept. The light on the paper is also flickering, like candlelight, once again instilling the idea that this passage is very old and well known; those who try to discover the tree of knowledge or its secrets will be punished by a “flaming sword.”

The use of biblical quotes to emphasize the secrecy of the fountain of youth, was also prevalent in the Frankenstein text. The quotes were used to emphasize the severity of Victor violating the laws of God and Nature. The author of Frankenstein, Mary Shelley, references the Bible in several passages, comparing Victor to Eve. The message in Frankenstein is synonymous with that of Adam and Eve in the Bible. In Frankenstein, Victor symbolizes Eve; he took a bite of the forbidden fruit, nature’s secrets of creation. After violating the laws of nature, Nature punishes Victor by giving the creation a monstrous character. The novel, Frankenstein, expresses the forbidden nature of the fountain of youth much like The Fountain.

The film, The Fountain, continually emphasizes the sanctity of the fountain of youth through the use of imagery. In multiple scenes of the film the main character, Tom, is traveling through space with a tree in a transparent sphere. The images shown in the film reinforce the message that the fountain of youth, (secrets of creation), are unattainable. The tree symbolizes the tree of knowledge which holds the secrets of creation. The tree is located in space, which can also represent the Heavens, a divine location only reachable by God. The tree is also surrounded by a protective spherical barrier; once again showing the defensive boundary surrounding the fountain of youth, (secrets of creation). This image is shown repeatedly throughout the film and the image echoes the genesis quote presented in the opening scene of the film; that the tree is protected by a “flaming sword”, or barrier, and is forbidden to mankind.

In Frankenstein, the holy nature of the fountain of youth is shielded by the harsh results that occur when the laws of nature are violated. Through the force of God, the creature is born a volatile creature. Metaphorically the monster surrounds the secret of creation, much like the sphere in The Fountain, with his horrid nature. Victor’s violation of the laws of nature leads to disastrous consequences, including the deaths of Elizabeth, William, and Justine. Such horrible results terrify Victor and keep him from sharing this new found discovery with the world. The monster’s diabolical behavior protected the secrets of creation from mankind.

Darren Aronofsky remediates the message in Frankenstein, that the fountain of youth is forbidden and protected, and represents this message in The Fountain. The film focuses more on the literal protection of the fountain of youth, through the imaginative use of a transparent sphere surrounding the tree of knowledge, while Mary Shelley uses a metaphorical barrier in Frankenstein. I think the director interpreted the message clearly and the physical representation of a barrier surrounding the tree of knowledge was very effective in portraying the holy aspect of the tree. The director’s interpretation of the protective barrier in Frankenstein is an interesting concept that can be adapted in other films. Creating a literal translation for a metaphoric concept can be adapted well into film; for film can have much more abstract images that still make sense to the viewer. In The Fountain the director, Darren Aronofsky, creatively remediates Mary Shelley’s message, in Frankenstein, that the fountain of youth is under divine protection.

This work was completed in accordance with the honor code.

Self Evaluation: I feel that my thesis and my analysis of the film, and how it parallels to Frankenstein, is very insightful. I also feel that I was very descriptive and specific about the points I make. I am unsure if my essay is strong stylistically, and I feel that the introduction is restricted and not creative.

the fountain vs. frankenstein


v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}

<!– /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:”Cambria Math”; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:1; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:”"; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:”Calibri”,”sans-serif”; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} –>


/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:”Table Normal”;
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:”";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:”Calibri”,”sans-serif”;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:”Times New Roman”;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}

Opening scene in the film. Direct quote from the bible

“Therefore, the Lord God banished Adam and Even from the garden of Eden and place a flaming sword to protect the tree of life.”

Genesis 3:24

–Very similar to Frankenstein’s message that the tree of knowledge is forbidden and that its secrets of life are to remain mysterious. Adam and Eve in The Fountain are the characters Tom and Izzi who cannot experience a life of love due to nature’s hold over life. This is very similar to the plot of Frankenstein for Elizabeth and Victor cannot be together because Victor’s creation, the monster, kills Elizabeth and destroys any chance for Victor to live a life of love with Elizabeth.

Imagery used in this scene shows the tree of knowledge, also symbolizing the fountain of youth and the man’s lover. It’s protected in a transparent bubble. Imagery reveals that the tree of knowledge is protected and untouchable. Repetitive images of this in the movie. Also the tree is floating in space which is often referred to as the Heavens, another example of divine power; this makes the secret of knowledge seem even more unattainable.

go here for the view of the opening scene of the fountain.

Compost Film Frankenstein vs. Other Films

<!– /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:”Cambria Math”; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:1; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:”"; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:”Calibri”,”sans-serif”; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph {mso-style-priority:34; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:.5in; mso-add-space:auto; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:”Calibri”,”sans-serif”; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst {mso-style-priority:34; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-type:export-only; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-add-space:auto; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:”Calibri”,”sans-serif”; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle {mso-style-priority:34; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-type:export-only; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-add-space:auto; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:”Calibri”,”sans-serif”; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast {mso-style-priority:34; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-type:export-only; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:.5in; mso-add-space:auto; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:”Calibri”,”sans-serif”; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:822624073; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1282153580 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l0:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:”Courier New”;} @list l1 {mso-list-id:2083675912; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:59930562 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l1:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} –>


/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:”Table Normal”;
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:”";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:”Calibri”,”sans-serif”;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}

Themes/Topics of Frankenstein:

· Nature vs Man

· Creation/Recreation

·

Other films that relate to Frankenstein:

· The Fountain

o A main idea of in The Fountain is the idea of recreation or reincarnation. In The Fountain two people in love are reincarnated three times but each time they are together their love suffers a tragedy. In Frankenstein, Victor recreates Elizabeth as an awful ugly being and she commits suicide and leaves Victor anyway. In The Fountain there are three separate times when the two people are in love but are torn away from each other through circumstances beyond their control.

o Another central concept in the film, The Fountain, is the fountain of youth and the search for its discovery. The fountain of youth is found in the film but the results desired are either found too late or has undesired consequences, the founder drinks the sap from a tree (the sap supposedly the fountain of youth), and the man turns into a flower bush. In Frankenstein Victor does discover the secret to life, creation or recreation, but his discovery has undesired consequences; first the creatures are monstrous and second they do not behave as he wishes them too. The monster behaves horribly uncivilized and Elizabeth commits suicide once she realizes what she has become.

· Time Machine

o The main characters in the film the Time Machine and in the film Frankenstein both want to recreate life. In Time Machine the man builds a time machine so that he can relive the moment his girlfriend dies and change it, but each time he goes back and avoids death one way the woman dies another way. A message that man cannot change fate through the use of technology. This is similar to how Victor recreates Elizabeth because she is reborn but not as she way and she only goes to kill herself entirely, by incineration.

Hayles-Technology and Literature

One of the key words Hayles keeps talking about in her work is the term she coined “technotext”.

Technotext-
A basic summarization of this term would be a work that interrogates itself.

An example could be a movie that points out certain aspects of film not normally seen on a movie screen, such as a drop of water on the lense or the sound mic peeking out from the top screen.

Hayles states technotext in a book, such as her own book Writing Machines, makes one recognize certain aspects of writing one wouldn’t normally pay attention to. In her work bubbles are used, words that look like hyperlinks are used, and just the basic appearance of her book is glossy and unfamiliar. I think that the term technotext is used too narrowly in her work. Technotext is a work that interrogates itself. Well if one views a painting the brush strokes can reveal how the painting was created, what colors were used first, what brush was used. Well isn’t that interrogating the painting? One can see exactly what technology was used to create the painting, which isn’t really the purpose of the artist when creating the work, he/she paints for others viewing pleasure or to express an emotion or message.

This idea can also relate to architecture. Some architecture was specifically designed for appearance rather than function. This applies more to older examples of architecture such as chapels or palaces. If you see a sculpture carved into the building you might think of the artist’s part in the buildings creation and the message the sculpture sends. Let me explain more clearly. Some older sculptures attached to architecture would be the Chinese guard dogs carved into palace entries. They are carved into the palace to ward off unwanted guests. Well a message is read through the appearance of the dogs and you could ask who made the dogs? what are they made from? is there any material used specifically to aid in the dogs purpose? (certain stones are believed to have certain properties ex: onyx usually has protection properties).

Hayles Message

I think what Hayles is trying to say in her work is that people should not take books or technology for granted. They are both material. Both serve different functions and it depends on a person’s preference for either one when writing, but neither should be called useless or unimportant.

Books/Writing on Paper
They are usually paper, soft, bendable, easily transported, and have pages that are turned. They are fragile and can be ripped easily. They can also be reused over and over but they wear down.

Computers/Online posts
They are usually heavy, plastic, not easily transported, (but the works on computers can be sent to other computers quickly and easily). They break, contract viruses, and most of the ways computers work are unfamiliar to people (the coding, the hard drive, the various cords).

Why people might prefer typing over writing….. the works created on computers can be viewed by a massive amount of people within a click of a button (like the use of a blog or an online work). Typing on a computer can be easier, or at least I think so, all of the resources, such as a thesaurus, dictionary, or web reference, are at your fingertips to improve your writing (even spelling and grammar check). I find it is easier to work on a computer because when you are searching for a word or you can’t think of the right word to fit a sentence the computer thesaurus is available for my use.

Why people might prefer writing on paper to computers. There is nothing new to learn. Computer programs are always upgrading and changing. Writing with pen and paper hasn’t changed much over the years besides the colors that one may write on or with.  For some typing on a computer is a challenge. People have to first learn how to type and then learn how to use programs, like word on a computer. The benefits of a computer however is that audio and visual components can be used, unlike a book (though I have seen some children’s books that make sounds when opened). Also an online book can link directly to books it may reference to help the reader get a clearer understanding of what the author is talking about.

There are a lot of reasons why one would prefer a book to an online source and vice versa, but what Hayles is trying to say is that one is not better than the other and everyone should consider the benefits of both. This argument is unlike Birkerts who believes that computer technology is destroying literature.